ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the application value of chemiluminescent immunoassay in the detection of 2019-nCoV antibodies.
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Background Little is known about the population prevalence of antibodies against emerging immune escape variants of SARS-CoV-2. Methods A population-based prevalence study was conducted in Yokohama City, the most populous municipality of Japan. Quantitative measurements of immunoglobulin G against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP-IgG) and qualitative measurements of neutralization antibodies against the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants were performed. Results Of 6,000 randomly selected residents aged 20-74, 1,277 participated in the study during a period from January 30 to February 28, 2022. Of them, 3% had prior diagnosis of COVID-19, 96% received at least two-doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and 94% were positive for SP-IgG. The positive rates of neutralizing antibodies were 28% to Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants in a random sample of 10% of participants (n=123) and 100% to BA.1 and BA.2 among participants who received the third vaccination at least 7 days before (n=66). Conclusions In this population-based prevalence study in Japan, most had SP-IgG antibodies but the overall neutralizing antibody positive rate was 28% against the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants. The population-level insufficient humoral immunity against the Omicron variants may explain the outbreak of COVID-19 during this period in Japan.
Subject(s)
COVID-19ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical features of 13 fatal cases of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods The clinical data of 13 patients who died of COVID-19 in Central Theater General Hospital, China, between January 4, 2020, and February 24, 2020, were analyzed retrospectively. The data reviewed included clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, radiographic features and dinical treatment plan. The cellular immune function, the expression of inflammatory factors, and lactate level in deceased patients at different stages of the disease were analyzed. Results Of those who died, the patients consisted of 10 men and 3 women. The age of those who died was (74±19) years, and 10(76.9%) patients were over 70 years old. For the patients who died, 9 presented with underlying diseases, 6(46.2%) of whom had more than 2 diseases. On admission, the chest computed tomography (CT) for 8 patients (61.5%) mainly showed multiple patchy ground-glass opacities. When the disease progressed, the ground-glass opacities rapidly developed into diffuse lesions in both lungs. The lymphocyte and CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood of 13 patients were significantly lower than normal levels and decreased more substantially during the disease course based on the levels when admitted (P<0.01). Additionally, the interleukin (IL)-6, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactic acid levels gradually increased, and most peaked before death. The cause of death for most patients was acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with type I respiratory failure. Three patients eventually developed multiorgan deficiency syndrome (MODS). Conclusions The risk factors of death for COVID-19 patients included older men, more underlying diseases, poor cellular immune function and over-expression of inflammatory factors. The main cause of death in patients with COVID-19 was ARDS, which led to respiratory failure and MODS.
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Background. Exploring alterations in the host transcriptome following SARS-CoV-2 infection is not only highly warranted to help us understand molecular mechanisms of the disease, but also provide new prospective for screening effective antiviral drugs, finding new therapeutic targets, and evaluating the risk of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) early.Methods. We downloaded three gene expression matrix files from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and extracted the gene expression data of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and non-infection in human samples and different cell line samples, and then performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), respectively. Thereafter, we integrated the results of GSEA and obtained co-enriched gene sets and co-core genes in three various microarray data. Finally, we also constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and molecular modules for co-core genes and performed Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis for the genes from modules to clarify their possible biological processes and underlying signaling pathway. Results. A total of 11 co-enriched gene sets were identified from the three various microarray data. Among them, 10 gene sets were activated, and involved in immune response and inflammatory reaction. 1 gene set was suppressed, and participated in cell cycle. The analysis of molecular modules showed that 2 modules might play a vital role in the pathogenic process of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The KEGG enrichment analysis showed that genes from module one enriched in signaling pathways related to inflammation, but genes from module two enriched in signaling of cell cycle and DNA replication. Particularly, necroptosis signaling, a newly identified type of programmed cell death that differed from apoptosis, was also determined in our findings. Additionally, for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, genes from module one showed a relatively high-level expression while genes from module two showed low-level. Conclusions. We identified two molecular modules were used to assess severity and predict the prognosis of the patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, these results provide a unique opportunity to explore more molecular pathways as new potential targets on therapy in COVID 19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19ABSTRACT
As the highly risk and infectious diseases, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses unprecedent challenges to global health. Up to March 3, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 89,000 people in China and other 66 countries across six continents. In this study, we used 10 new sequenced genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and combined 136 genomes from GISAID database to investigate the genetic variation and population demography through different analysis approaches (e.g. Network, EBSP, Mismatch, and neutrality tests). The results showed that 80 haplotypes had 183 substitution sites, including 27 parsimony-informative and 156 singletons. Sliding window analyses of genetic diversity suggested a certain mutations abundance in the genomes of SARS-CoV-2, which may be explaining the existing widespread. Phylogenetic analysis showed that, compared with the coronavirus carried by pangolins (Pangolin-CoV), the virus carried by bats (bat-RaTG13-CoV) has a closer relationship with SARS-CoV-2. The network results showed that SARS-CoV-2 had diverse haplotypes around the world by February 11. Additionally, 16 genomes, collected from Huanan seafood market assigned to 10 haplotypes, indicated a circulating infection within the market in a short term. The EBSP results showed that the first estimated expansion date of SARS-CoV-2 began from 7 December 2019.